Visma Skatt & Bokslut Pro
Other tax adjustments
Go to Year-end closing - Tax calculation - - Calculations - Other tax adjustments to specify adjustments that do not belong to the earlier categories. These adjustments are summarized in the field Other tax adjustments.
Approve the adjustments by clicking on the check mark in the column Done in the view Calculations. The entered amounts are transferred to INK2S.
Field explanations
Costs to be deducted but not included in the recognised result
If the company had a tax-deductible expense item that was not recognised in the profit and loss account, and therefore did not affect the bookkept profit/loss, you should deduct it as an expense item (minus item) here. Cost items are divided into two boxes: a and b:
Forest/substance reduction deduction according to tax appendix N8 (4.4 a).
Item 4.4 a Forest/substance reduction deductions are tax deductions that are not recorded in the accounts. The calculated deduction is deducted in item 4.4 a. When the real estate to which the deduction relates is disposed of, the amount should be reversed and recognised as a revenue item at point 4.6 a. Form N8 must be completed both when deductions are claimed and reversed.
Other non-recorded costs (4.4 b)
If you have incurred any other costs in your company that have not been recognised in the profit and loss account, but are to be deducted for tax purposes, deduct them in point 4.4 b. An adjustment here may also be necessary when the timing of the tax deduction does not follow good accounting practice. For example, if a recognised impairment of account receivables has been reversed for tax purposes in a previous year and the loss is now recognised and can be deducted. An adjustment may also be required when correcting balance sheet items. For equipment depreciated by the residual value method and for depreciation of buildings, see item 4.9.
Other unrecorded costs according to tax appendix N9 (4.4 b)
When a reversal is made of an tax allocation reserve that was initiated when corporation tax was higher than today, the amount to be reversed must be revalued. The reversal should therefore be made at different percentages depending on when the provision was made. The program makes this calculation automatically and fills in the field 4.6 d on INK2S.
Revenue to be recognised but not included in the recognised result
If the company has had a taxable income item that has not been recognised in the profit and loss account, and therefore has not affected the bookkept result, you should enter it here.
Reversal of depreciation deduction upon sale of real property (4.6 a)
If the company has sold a property, the deductions allowed in taxation for depreciation of a building, landscaping, forestry deductions or depreciation in value must be recognised as income. This also applies to deductions for value-enhancing repairs made by the company in the year of sale or in the last five years. Value-enhancing repairs should only be recorded if the property is in better condition at the time of disposal than at the beginning of the fifth tax year preceding the year of sale. In some cases, when a loss is incurred, the impairment losses are not reversed for tax purposes.
Notional revenue for fund holdings owned at the beginning of the calendar year (4.6 b)
If the trading partnership owns fund units at the beginning of the calendar year, a notional income should be entered here. The notional income is calculated at 0.4% of the value of the fund units at the beginning of the calendar year. No adjustment shall be made for cases where the trading partnership has a shortened or extended financial year.
Other non-recorded revenue (4.6 c)
Here you record other taxable income items not recognised in the profit and loss account, and not recorded in 4.6 a above. For example, an adjustment should be made here when the date of taxation is a later year than when the income is recognised in the accounts. This applies, for example, when remuneration for logging rights is taxed according to the cash principle (and not according to the result in the accounts).
Partners' benefits and other goods and services received
Recognised income from withdrawals made (4.7)
If the company has recognised the withdrawal of goods and services as revenue in the accounts, you should deduct the amount as an expense item here. Note that it is also a withdrawal for income tax purposes if the partner has paid for the goods or services but the remuneration is below the market value.
Participation in trading partnerships (incl. disposal)
A partnership can own a share in another partnership or limited partnership. In item 4.8, you should adjust the bookkept result from such a share. First, you should clear the result from recorded income and expenses. You deduct the (financial) income from the partnership interest recognised in the accounts as an expense item in p. 4.8 a. You record the recognised (financial) cost as a revenue item in p. 4.8 c. The next step is to adjust for the taxable income of the partnership share. Surplus according to tax form N3B is recognised as a revenue item in p. 4.8 b. If there is a deficit to be deducted, recognise it as an expense item in p. 4.8 d. For i.e. limited partnerships there is a limit on the amount of deficit that can be deducted by the limited partner.
Tax adjustment for depreciation etc
The cost of acquiring a building is deducted through annual depreciation allowances. They must follow a specific depreciation plan, whereby depreciation is applied at a certain percentage each year, determined by the economic life of the building. For buildings and land improvements (which are not fixed assets), there is no requirement to match accounting depreciation with tax depreciation deductions. If the claimed impairment deduction differs from the bookkept depreciation, you should record the bookkept depreciation as a revenue item (plus item). Claimed depreciation deductions are deducted as an expense item (minus item).
Bookkept profit/loss on disposal of property/residential property
The tax consequences of a disposed property/residential property that is a capital asset differ depending on whether the owner is a natural or legal person. The booked profit or loss from such a disposal should therefore be adjusted in item 4.10. The profit recognised in the profit and loss account is deducted in item 4.10 a and the loss recognised in paragraph 4.10 b.
Recorded profit/loss of divested securities and trading partnership shares
Some companies that own shares in a partnership are not required to recognise gains or deduct losses arising from the disposal of securities or partnership shares by the owned partnership. This is provided that the company would not have been taxed on the gain if it had disposed of the securities or partnership interest itself. However, the co-owning natural person must recognise profits and deduct losses. In item 4.11 a, you should deduct the gains on securities and partnership interests recognised in the accounts as an expense item. Record the loss as a revenue item in point 4.11 b.
